MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT
Bronchial Artery Embolization (BAE)
Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure used to control bleeding from the lungs, commonly presenting as hemoptysis. It is performed in selected patients to stop active bleeding while avoiding open surgery when possible.
What Is Bronchial Artery Embolization?
Bronchial artery embolization is an image-guided procedure in which abnormal or bleeding bronchial arteries are selectively blocked using embolic materials. By stopping blood flow at the source of bleeding, the procedure helps control hemoptysis while preserving normal lung circulation.
BAE is commonly used in emergency and urgent settings when medical management alone is insufficient.
When Is BAE Considered?
Bronchial artery embolization may be considered in patients with:
- Moderate to severe hemoptysis
- Recurrent pulmonary or bronchial bleeding
- Bleeding related to lung infections such as tuberculosis
- Bleeding associated with lung tumors or cavitary lesions
- Pulmonary artery hypertension–related bleeding in selected cases
Suitability is determined after clinical assessment and imaging, often on an urgent basis.
How Bronchial Artery Embolization Is Performed
- The procedure is performed under real-time imaging guidance
- A catheter is introduced through a blood vessel, usually from the groin or wrist
- Bronchial arteries supplying the bleeding area are identified using angiography
- Embolic materials are delivered to block the bleeding vessels
- Care is taken to preserve blood flow to normal tissues
Potential Advantages of Bronchial Artery Embolization
- Rapid control of pulmonary bleeding
- Minimally invasive, image-guided approach
- Avoids open chest surgery in selected cases
- Can be repeated if bleeding recurs
Recovery and Aftercare
Patients are monitored closely after the procedure, often in a hospital setting. Follow-up imaging and clinical evaluation are guided by the underlying cause of bleeding and patient stability.
Recovery recommendations vary based on individual clinical factors and should be followed as advised by the treating medical team.
Risks and Considerations
Like all emergency interventional procedures, BAE has potential risks, including:
- Chest discomfort or pain
- Temporary difficulty swallowing (uncommon)
- Non-target embolization (rare)
- Recurrent bleeding in selected cases
Not all patients experience these effects, and risks vary depending on the cause of bleeding and vascular anatomy.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is bronchial artery embolization a surgical procedure?
No. BAE is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure performed without open surgery.
Is BAE used only in emergencies?
BAE is commonly performed in emergency or urgent settings but may also be planned in cases of recurrent hemoptysis.
Does BAE cure the underlying lung disease?
No. BAE controls bleeding but does not treat the underlying cause, which requires separate medical or surgical management.
Emergency Evaluation for Hemoptysis
Prompt clinical assessment and imaging are essential to determine whether bronchial artery embolization is appropriate. Early intervention can be critical in managing pulmonary bleeding.