MINIMALLY INVASIVE TREATMENT
Embolization for Bleeding Aneurysms & Arteriovenous Fistulas
Embolization for bleeding aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) is an emergency, image-guided procedure used to control abnormal or life-threatening bleeding by selectively blocking the affected blood vessels. It is performed in carefully selected patients to stabilize bleeding while avoiding open surgery when possible.
What Are Bleeding Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Fistulas?
An aneurysm is an abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel that can rupture and cause active bleeding. An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein that can lead to high-flow bleeding or circulatory complications.
Embolization is an image-guided technique used to block these abnormal vessels, control bleeding, and protect surrounding tissues.
When Is Embolization Considered?
Embolization for bleeding aneurysms or fistulas may be considered in patients with:
- Active bleeding from a ruptured aneurysm
- Traumatic vascular injuries
- Post-operative or procedure-related bleeding
- Arteriovenous fistulas causing bleeding or high-flow shunting
- Non-venous bleeding not controlled by medical measures
Suitability is determined urgently after clinical assessment and imaging evaluation.
How Embolization for Aneurysms & Fistulas Is Performed
- The procedure is performed under real-time imaging guidance
- A catheter is inserted through a blood vessel, usually via the groin or wrist
- The bleeding aneurysm or fistula is identified using angiography
- Embolic materials such as coils, plugs, or particles are deployed
- Blood flow to the abnormal vessel is stopped while preserving normal circulation
Potential Advantages of Image-Guided Embolization
- Rapid control of active bleeding
- Minimally invasive, image-guided approach
- Avoids open surgical intervention in selected cases
- Can be life-saving in emergency situations
Recovery and Aftercare
Patients are monitored closely after embolization, often in a hospital or critical care setting. Follow-up imaging and supportive care are guided by the cause of bleeding and overall clinical condition.
Recovery recommendations vary based on individual clinical factors and should be followed as advised by the treating medical team.
Risks and Considerations
Like all emergency interventional procedures, embolization for aneurysms and fistulas carries potential risks, including:
- Pain or discomfort after the procedure
- Infection (uncommon)
- Non-target embolization (rare)
- Re-bleeding or need for repeat intervention
Not all patients experience these effects, and risks vary depending on vascular anatomy, bleeding severity, and patient condition.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is embolization a surgical procedure?
No. Embolization is a minimally invasive, image-guided procedure performed through blood vessels without open surgery.
Is embolization used only in emergencies?
Embolization is commonly used in emergency bleeding but may also be planned for high-risk aneurysms or fistulas to prevent bleeding.
Does embolization cure the underlying vascular disease?
Embolization controls bleeding but does not always cure the underlying condition, which may require ongoing medical follow-up.
Emergency Evaluation for Vascular Bleeding
Prompt clinical assessment and imaging are essential to determine whether embolization is appropriate. Early intervention can be critical in managing vascular bleeding.